public class IntArrays extends Object
In particular, the ensureCapacity()
, grow()
,
trim()
and setLength()
methods allow to handle
arrays much like array lists. This can be very useful when efficiency (or
syntactic simplicity) reasons make array lists unsuitable.
Note that BinIO
and TextIO
contain several methods make it possible to load and save arrays of primitive types as sequences
of elements in DataInput
format (i.e., not as objects) or as sequences of lines of text.
There are several sorting methods available. The main theme is that of letting you choose the sorting algorithm you prefer (i.e., trading stability of mergesort for no memory allocation in quicksort). Several algorithms provide a parallel version, that will use the number of cores available. Some algorithms also provide an explicit indirect sorting facility, which makes it possible to sort an array using the values in another array as comparator.
All comparison-based algorithm have an implementation based on a type-specific comparator.
As a general rule, sequential radix sort is significantly faster than quicksort or mergesort, in particular on random-looking data. In the parallel case, up to a few cores parallel radix sort is still the fastest, but at some point quicksort exploits parallelism better.
If you are fine with not knowing exactly which algorithm will be run (in particular, not knowing exactly whether a support array will be allocated),
the dual-pivot parallel sorts in Arrays
are about 50% faster than the classical single-pivot implementation used here.
In any case, if sorting time is important I suggest that you benchmark your sorting load with your data distribution and on your architecture.
Arrays
Modifier and Type | Field and Description |
---|---|
static int[] |
EMPTY_ARRAY
A static, final, empty array.
|
static Hash.Strategy<int[]> |
HASH_STRATEGY
A type-specific content-based hash strategy for arrays.
|
Modifier and Type | Method and Description |
---|---|
static int |
binarySearch(int[] a,
int key)
Searches an array for the specified value using
the binary search algorithm.
|
static int |
binarySearch(int[] a,
int key,
IntComparator c)
Searches an array for the specified value using
the binary search algorithm and a specified comparator.
|
static int |
binarySearch(int[] a,
int from,
int to,
int key)
Searches a range of the specified array for the specified value using
the binary search algorithm.
|
static int |
binarySearch(int[] a,
int from,
int to,
int key,
IntComparator c)
Searches a range of the specified array for the specified value using
the binary search algorithm and a specified comparator.
|
static int[] |
copy(int[] array)
Returns a copy of an array.
|
static int[] |
copy(int[] array,
int offset,
int length)
Returns a copy of a portion of an array.
|
static int[] |
ensureCapacity(int[] array,
int length)
Ensures that an array can contain the given number of entries.
|
static int[] |
ensureCapacity(int[] array,
int length,
int preserve)
Ensures that an array can contain the given number of entries, preserving just a part of the array.
|
static void |
ensureFromTo(int[] a,
int from,
int to)
Ensures that a range given by its first (inclusive) and last (exclusive) elements fits an array.
|
static void |
ensureOffsetLength(int[] a,
int offset,
int length)
Ensures that a range given by an offset and a length fits an array.
|
static void |
ensureSameLength(int[] a,
int[] b)
Ensures that two arrays are of the same length.
|
static boolean |
equals(int[] a1,
int[] a2)
Deprecated.
Please use the corresponding
Arrays method, which is intrinsified in recent JVMs. |
static void |
fill(int[] array,
int value)
Deprecated.
Please use the corresponding
Arrays method. |
static void |
fill(int[] array,
int from,
int to,
int value)
Deprecated.
Please use the corresponding
Arrays method. |
static int[] |
grow(int[] array,
int length)
Grows the given array to the maximum between the given length and
the current length multiplied by two, provided that the given
length is larger than the current length.
|
static int[] |
grow(int[] array,
int length,
int preserve)
Grows the given array to the maximum between the given length and
the current length multiplied by two, provided that the given
length is larger than the current length, preserving just a part of the array.
|
static void |
mergeSort(int[] a)
Sorts an array according to the natural ascending order using mergesort.
|
static void |
mergeSort(int[] a,
IntComparator comp)
Sorts an array according to the order induced by the specified
comparator using mergesort.
|
static void |
mergeSort(int[] a,
int from,
int to)
Sorts the specified range of elements according to the natural ascending order using mergesort.
|
static void |
mergeSort(int[] a,
int from,
int to,
int[] supp)
Sorts the specified range of elements according to the natural ascending order using mergesort, using a given pre-filled support array.
|
static void |
mergeSort(int[] a,
int from,
int to,
IntComparator comp)
Sorts the specified range of elements according to the order induced by the specified
comparator using mergesort.
|
static void |
mergeSort(int[] a,
int from,
int to,
IntComparator comp,
int[] supp)
Sorts the specified range of elements according to the order induced by the specified
comparator using mergesort, using a given pre-filled support array.
|
static void |
parallelQuickSort(int[] x)
Sorts an array according to the natural ascending order using a parallel quicksort.
|
static void |
parallelQuickSort(int[] x,
int[] y)
Sorts two arrays according to the natural lexicographical
ascending order using a parallel quicksort.
|
static void |
parallelQuickSort(int[] x,
int[] y,
int from,
int to)
Sorts the specified range of elements of two arrays according to the natural lexicographical
ascending order using a parallel quicksort.
|
static void |
parallelQuickSort(int[] x,
IntComparator comp)
Sorts an array according to the order induced by the specified
comparator using a parallel quicksort.
|
static void |
parallelQuickSort(int[] x,
int from,
int to)
Sorts the specified range of elements according to the natural ascending order using a parallel quicksort.
|
static void |
parallelQuickSort(int[] x,
int from,
int to,
IntComparator comp)
Sorts the specified range of elements according to the order induced by the specified
comparator using a parallel quicksort.
|
static void |
parallelQuickSortIndirect(int[] perm,
int[] x)
Sorts an array according to the natural ascending order using a parallel indirect quicksort.
|
static void |
parallelQuickSortIndirect(int[] perm,
int[] x,
int from,
int to)
Sorts the specified range of elements according to the natural ascending order using a parallel indirect quicksort.
|
static void |
parallelRadixSort(int[] a)
Sorts the specified array using parallel radix sort.
|
static void |
parallelRadixSort(int[] a,
int[] b)
Sorts two arrays using a parallel radix sort.
|
static void |
parallelRadixSort(int[] a,
int[] b,
int from,
int to)
Sorts the specified range of elements of two arrays using a parallel radix sort.
|
static void |
parallelRadixSort(int[] a,
int from,
int to)
Sorts the specified range of an array using parallel radix sort.
|
static void |
parallelRadixSortIndirect(int[] perm,
int[] a,
boolean stable)
Sorts the specified array using parallel indirect radix sort.
|
static void |
parallelRadixSortIndirect(int[] perm,
int[] a,
int from,
int to,
boolean stable)
Sorts the specified range of an array using parallel indirect radix sort.
|
static void |
quickSort(int[] x)
Sorts an array according to the natural ascending order using quicksort.
|
static void |
quickSort(int[] x,
int[] y)
Sorts two arrays according to the natural lexicographical ascending order using quicksort.
|
static void |
quickSort(int[] x,
int[] y,
int from,
int to)
Sorts the specified range of elements of two arrays according to the natural lexicographical
ascending order using quicksort.
|
static void |
quickSort(int[] x,
IntComparator comp)
Sorts an array according to the order induced by the specified
comparator using quicksort.
|
static void |
quickSort(int[] x,
int from,
int to)
Sorts the specified range of elements according to the natural ascending order using quicksort.
|
static void |
quickSort(int[] x,
int from,
int to,
IntComparator comp)
Sorts the specified range of elements according to the order induced by the specified
comparator using quicksort.
|
static void |
quickSortIndirect(int[] perm,
int[] x)
Sorts an array according to the natural ascending order using indirect quicksort.
|
static void |
quickSortIndirect(int[] perm,
int[] x,
int from,
int to)
Sorts the specified range of elements according to the natural ascending order using indirect quicksort.
|
static void |
radixSort(int[] a)
Sorts the specified array using radix sort.
|
static void |
radixSort(int[][] a)
Sorts the specified array of arrays lexicographically using radix sort.
|
static void |
radixSort(int[][] a,
int from,
int to)
Sorts the specified array of arrays lexicographically using radix sort.
|
static void |
radixSort(int[] a,
int[] b)
Sorts the specified pair of arrays lexicographically using radix sort.
|
static void |
radixSort(int[] a,
int[] b,
int from,
int to)
Sorts the specified range of elements of two arrays using radix sort.
|
static void |
radixSort(int[] a,
int from,
int to)
Sorts the specified range of an array using radix sort.
|
static void |
radixSortIndirect(int[] perm,
int[] a,
boolean stable)
Sorts the specified array using indirect radix sort.
|
static void |
radixSortIndirect(int[] perm,
int[] a,
int[] b,
boolean stable)
Sorts the specified pair of arrays lexicographically using indirect radix sort.
|
static void |
radixSortIndirect(int[] perm,
int[] a,
int[] b,
int from,
int to,
boolean stable)
Sorts the specified pair of arrays lexicographically using indirect radix sort.
|
static void |
radixSortIndirect(int[] perm,
int[] a,
int from,
int to,
boolean stable)
Sorts the specified array using indirect radix sort.
|
static int[] |
reverse(int[] a)
Reverses the order of the elements in the specified array.
|
static int[] |
reverse(int[] a,
int from,
int to)
Reverses the order of the elements in the specified array fragment.
|
static int[] |
setLength(int[] array,
int length)
Sets the length of the given array.
|
static int[] |
shuffle(int[] a,
int from,
int to,
Random random)
Shuffles the specified array fragment using the specified pseudorandom number generator.
|
static int[] |
shuffle(int[] a,
Random random)
Shuffles the specified array using the specified pseudorandom number generator.
|
static void |
stabilize(int[] perm,
int[] x)
Stabilizes a permutation.
|
static void |
stabilize(int[] perm,
int[] x,
int from,
int to)
Stabilizes a permutation.
|
static void |
swap(int[] x,
int a,
int b)
Swaps two elements of an anrray.
|
static void |
swap(int[] x,
int a,
int b,
int n)
Swaps two sequences of elements of an array.
|
static int[] |
trim(int[] array,
int length)
Trims the given array to the given length.
|
public static final int[] EMPTY_ARRAY
public static final Hash.Strategy<int[]> HASH_STRATEGY
This hash strategy may be used in custom hash collections whenever keys are
arrays, and they must be considered equal by content. This strategy
will handle null
correctly, and it is serializable.
public static int[] ensureCapacity(int[] array, int length)
If you cannot foresee whether this array will need again to be
enlarged, you should probably use grow()
instead.
array
- an array.length
- the new minimum length for this array.array
, if it contains length
entries or more; otherwise,
an array with length
entries whose first array.length
entries are the same as those of array
.public static int[] ensureCapacity(int[] array, int length, int preserve)
array
- an array.length
- the new minimum length for this array.preserve
- the number of elements of the array that must be preserved in case a new allocation is necessary.array
, if it can contain length
entries or more; otherwise,
an array with length
entries whose first preserve
entries are the same as those of array
.public static int[] grow(int[] array, int length)
If you want complete control on the array growth, you
should probably use ensureCapacity()
instead.
array
- an array.length
- the new minimum length for this array.array
, if it can contain length
entries; otherwise, an array with
max(length
,array.length
/φ) entries whose first
array.length
entries are the same as those of array
.public static int[] grow(int[] array, int length, int preserve)
If you want complete control on the array growth, you
should probably use ensureCapacity()
instead.
array
- an array.length
- the new minimum length for this array.preserve
- the number of elements of the array that must be preserved in case a new allocation is necessary.array
, if it can contain length
entries; otherwise, an array with
max(length
,array.length
/φ) entries whose first
preserve
entries are the same as those of array
.public static int[] trim(int[] array, int length)
array
- an array.length
- the new maximum length for the array.array
, if it contains length
entries or less; otherwise, an array with
length
entries whose entries are the same as
the first length
entries of array
.public static int[] setLength(int[] array, int length)
array
- an array.length
- the new length for the array.array
, if it contains exactly length
entries; otherwise, if it contains more than
length
entries, an array with length
entries
whose entries are the same as the first length
entries of
array
; otherwise, an array with length
entries
whose first array.length
entries are the same as those of
array
.public static int[] copy(int[] array, int offset, int length)
array
- an array.offset
- the first element to copy.length
- the number of elements to copy.length
elements of array
starting at offset
.public static int[] copy(int[] array)
array
- an array.array
.@Deprecated public static void fill(int[] array, int value)
Arrays
method.array
- an array.value
- the new value for all elements of the array.@Deprecated public static void fill(int[] array, int from, int to, int value)
Arrays
method.array
- an array.from
- the starting index of the portion to fill (inclusive).to
- the end index of the portion to fill (exclusive).value
- the new value for all elements of the specified portion of the array.@Deprecated public static boolean equals(int[] a1, int[] a2)
Arrays
method, which is intrinsified in recent JVMs.a1
- an array.a2
- another array.public static void ensureFromTo(int[] a, int from, int to)
This method may be used whenever an array range check is needed.
a
- an array.from
- a start index (inclusive).to
- an end index (exclusive).IllegalArgumentException
- if from
is greater than to
.ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException
- if from
or to
are greater than the array length or negative.public static void ensureOffsetLength(int[] a, int offset, int length)
This method may be used whenever an array range check is needed.
a
- an array.offset
- a start index.length
- a length (the number of elements in the range).IllegalArgumentException
- if length
is negative.ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException
- if offset
is negative or offset
+length
is greater than the array length.public static void ensureSameLength(int[] a, int[] b)
a
- an array.b
- another array.IllegalArgumentException
- if the two argument arrays are not of the same length.public static void swap(int[] x, int a, int b)
x
- an array.a
- a position in x
.b
- another position in x
.public static void swap(int[] x, int a, int b, int n)
x
- an array.a
- a position in x
.b
- another position in x
.n
- the number of elements to exchange starting at a
and b
.public static void quickSort(int[] x, int from, int to, IntComparator comp)
The sorting algorithm is a tuned quicksort adapted from Jon L. Bentley and M. Douglas McIlroy, “Engineering a Sort Function”, Software: Practice and Experience, 23(11), pages 1249−1265, 1993.
Note that this implementation does not allocate any object, contrarily to the implementation
used to sort primitive types in Arrays
, which switches to mergesort on large inputs.
x
- the array to be sorted.from
- the index of the first element (inclusive) to be sorted.to
- the index of the last element (exclusive) to be sorted.comp
- the comparator to determine the sorting order.public static void quickSort(int[] x, IntComparator comp)
The sorting algorithm is a tuned quicksort adapted from Jon L. Bentley and M. Douglas McIlroy, “Engineering a Sort Function”, Software: Practice and Experience, 23(11), pages 1249−1265, 1993.
Note that this implementation does not allocate any object, contrarily to the implementation
used to sort primitive types in Arrays
, which switches to mergesort on large inputs.
x
- the array to be sorted.comp
- the comparator to determine the sorting order.public static void parallelQuickSort(int[] x, int from, int to, IntComparator comp)
The sorting algorithm is a tuned quicksort adapted from Jon L. Bentley and M. Douglas McIlroy, “Engineering a Sort Function”, Software: Practice and Experience, 23(11), pages 1249−1265, 1993.
This implementation uses a ForkJoinPool
executor service with
Runtime.availableProcessors()
parallel threads.
x
- the array to be sorted.from
- the index of the first element (inclusive) to be sorted.to
- the index of the last element (exclusive) to be sorted.comp
- the comparator to determine the sorting order.public static void parallelQuickSort(int[] x, IntComparator comp)
The sorting algorithm is a tuned quicksort adapted from Jon L. Bentley and M. Douglas McIlroy, “Engineering a Sort Function”, Software: Practice and Experience, 23(11), pages 1249−1265, 1993.
This implementation uses a ForkJoinPool
executor service with
Runtime.availableProcessors()
parallel threads.
x
- the array to be sorted.comp
- the comparator to determine the sorting order.public static void quickSort(int[] x, int from, int to)
The sorting algorithm is a tuned quicksort adapted from Jon L. Bentley and M. Douglas McIlroy, “Engineering a Sort Function”, Software: Practice and Experience, 23(11), pages 1249−1265, 1993.
Note that this implementation does not allocate any object, contrarily to the implementation
used to sort primitive types in Arrays
, which switches to mergesort on large inputs.
x
- the array to be sorted.from
- the index of the first element (inclusive) to be sorted.to
- the index of the last element (exclusive) to be sorted.public static void quickSort(int[] x)
The sorting algorithm is a tuned quicksort adapted from Jon L. Bentley and M. Douglas McIlroy, “Engineering a Sort Function”, Software: Practice and Experience, 23(11), pages 1249−1265, 1993.
Note that this implementation does not allocate any object, contrarily to the implementation
used to sort primitive types in Arrays
, which switches to mergesort on large inputs.
x
- the array to be sorted.public static void parallelQuickSort(int[] x, int from, int to)
The sorting algorithm is a tuned quicksort adapted from Jon L. Bentley and M. Douglas McIlroy, “Engineering a Sort Function”, Software: Practice and Experience, 23(11), pages 1249−1265, 1993.
This implementation uses a ForkJoinPool
executor service with
Runtime.availableProcessors()
parallel threads.
x
- the array to be sorted.from
- the index of the first element (inclusive) to be sorted.to
- the index of the last element (exclusive) to be sorted.public static void parallelQuickSort(int[] x)
The sorting algorithm is a tuned quicksort adapted from Jon L. Bentley and M. Douglas McIlroy, “Engineering a Sort Function”, Software: Practice and Experience, 23(11), pages 1249−1265, 1993.
This implementation uses a ForkJoinPool
executor service with
Runtime.availableProcessors()
parallel threads.
x
- the array to be sorted.public static void quickSortIndirect(int[] perm, int[] x, int from, int to)
The sorting algorithm is a tuned quicksort adapted from Jon L. Bentley and M. Douglas McIlroy, “Engineering a Sort Function”, Software: Practice and Experience, 23(11), pages 1249−1265, 1993.
This method implement an indirect sort. The elements of perm
(which must
be exactly the numbers in the interval [0..perm.length)
) will be permuted so that
x[ perm[ i ] ] ≤ x[ perm[ i + 1 ] ]
.
Note that this implementation does not allocate any object, contrarily to the implementation
used to sort primitive types in Arrays
, which switches to mergesort on large inputs.
perm
- a permutation array indexing x
.x
- the array to be sorted.from
- the index of the first element (inclusive) to be sorted.to
- the index of the last element (exclusive) to be sorted.public static void quickSortIndirect(int[] perm, int[] x)
The sorting algorithm is a tuned quicksort adapted from Jon L. Bentley and M. Douglas McIlroy, “Engineering a Sort Function”, Software: Practice and Experience, 23(11), pages 1249−1265, 1993.
This method implement an indirect sort. The elements of perm
(which must
be exactly the numbers in the interval [0..perm.length)
) will be permuted so that
x[ perm[ i ] ] ≤ x[ perm[ i + 1 ] ]
.
Note that this implementation does not allocate any object, contrarily to the implementation
used to sort primitive types in Arrays
, which switches to mergesort on large inputs.
perm
- a permutation array indexing x
.x
- the array to be sorted.public static void parallelQuickSortIndirect(int[] perm, int[] x, int from, int to)
The sorting algorithm is a tuned quicksort adapted from Jon L. Bentley and M. Douglas McIlroy, “Engineering a Sort Function”, Software: Practice and Experience, 23(11), pages 1249−1265, 1993.
This method implement an indirect sort. The elements of perm
(which must
be exactly the numbers in the interval [0..perm.length)
) will be permuted so that
x[ perm[ i ] ] ≤ x[ perm[ i + 1 ] ]
.
This implementation uses a ForkJoinPool
executor service with
Runtime.availableProcessors()
parallel threads.
perm
- a permutation array indexing x
.x
- the array to be sorted.from
- the index of the first element (inclusive) to be sorted.to
- the index of the last element (exclusive) to be sorted.public static void parallelQuickSortIndirect(int[] perm, int[] x)
The sorting algorithm is a tuned quicksort adapted from Jon L. Bentley and M. Douglas McIlroy, “Engineering a Sort Function”, Software: Practice and Experience, 23(11), pages 1249−1265, 1993.
This method implement an indirect sort. The elements of perm
(which must
be exactly the numbers in the interval [0..perm.length)
) will be permuted so that
x[ perm[ i ] ] ≤ x[ perm[ i + 1 ] ]
.
This implementation uses a ForkJoinPool
executor service with
Runtime.availableProcessors()
parallel threads.
perm
- a permutation array indexing x
.x
- the array to be sorted.public static void stabilize(int[] perm, int[] x, int from, int to)
This method can be used to stabilize the permutation generated by an indirect sorting, assuming that
initially the permutation array was in ascending order (e.g., the identity, as usually happens). This method
scans the permutation, and for each non-singleton block of elements with the same associated values in x
,
permutes them in ascending order. The resulting permutation corresponds to a stable sort.
Usually combining an unstable indirect sort and this method is more efficient than using a stable sort, as most stable sort algorithms require a support array.
More precisely, assuming that x[ perm[ i ] ] ≤ x[ perm[ i + 1 ] ]
, after
stabilization we will also have that x[ perm[ i ] ] = x[ perm[ i + 1 ] ]
implies
perm[ i ] ≤ perm[ i + 1 ]
.
perm
- a permutation array indexing x
so that it is sorted.x
- the sorted array to be stabilized.public static void stabilize(int[] perm, int[] x)
This method can be used to stabilize the permutation generated by an indirect sorting, assuming that
initially the permutation array was in ascending order (e.g., the identity, as usually happens). This method
scans the permutation, and for each non-singleton block of elements with the same associated values in x
,
permutes them in ascending order. The resulting permutation corresponds to a stable sort.
Usually combining an unstable indirect sort and this method is more efficient than using a stable sort, as most stable sort algorithms require a support array.
More precisely, assuming that x[ perm[ i ] ] ≤ x[ perm[ i + 1 ] ]
, after
stabilization we will also have that x[ perm[ i ] ] = x[ perm[ i + 1 ] ]
implies
perm[ i ] ≤ perm[ i + 1 ]
.
perm
- a permutation array indexing x
so that it is sorted.x
- the sorted array to be stabilized.public static void quickSort(int[] x, int[] y, int from, int to)
The sorting algorithm is a tuned quicksort adapted from Jon L. Bentley and M. Douglas McIlroy, “Engineering a Sort Function”, Software: Practice and Experience, 23(11), pages 1249−1265, 1993.
This method implements a lexicographical sorting of the arguments. Pairs of
elements in the same position in the two provided arrays will be considered a single key, and
permuted accordingly. In the end, either x[ i ] < x[ i + 1 ]
or x[ i ]
== x[ i + 1 ]
and y[ i ] ≤ y[ i + 1 ]
.
x
- the first array to be sorted.y
- the second array to be sorted.from
- the index of the first element (inclusive) to be sorted.to
- the index of the last element (exclusive) to be sorted.public static void quickSort(int[] x, int[] y)
The sorting algorithm is a tuned quicksort adapted from Jon L. Bentley and M. Douglas McIlroy, “Engineering a Sort Function”, Software: Practice and Experience, 23(11), pages 1249−1265, 1993.
This method implements a lexicographical sorting of the arguments. Pairs of
elements in the same position in the two provided arrays will be considered a single key, and
permuted accordingly. In the end, either x[ i ] < x[ i + 1 ]
or x[ i ]
== x[ i + 1 ]
and y[ i ] ≤ y[ i + 1 ]
.
x
- the first array to be sorted.y
- the second array to be sorted.public static void parallelQuickSort(int[] x, int[] y, int from, int to)
The sorting algorithm is a tuned quicksort adapted from Jon L. Bentley and M. Douglas McIlroy, “Engineering a Sort Function”, Software: Practice and Experience, 23(11), pages 1249−1265, 1993.
This method implements a lexicographical sorting of the arguments. Pairs of
elements in the same position in the two provided arrays will be considered a single key, and
permuted accordingly. In the end, either x[ i ] < x[ i + 1 ]
or x[ i ]
== x[ i + 1 ]
and y[ i ] ≤ y[ i + 1 ]
.
This implementation uses a ForkJoinPool
executor service with
Runtime.availableProcessors()
parallel threads.
x
- the first array to be sorted.y
- the second array to be sorted.from
- the index of the first element (inclusive) to be sorted.to
- the index of the last element (exclusive) to be sorted.public static void parallelQuickSort(int[] x, int[] y)
The sorting algorithm is a tuned quicksort adapted from Jon L. Bentley and M. Douglas McIlroy, “Engineering a Sort Function”, Software: Practice and Experience, 23(11), pages 1249−1265, 1993.
This method implements a lexicographical sorting of the arguments. Pairs of
elements in the same position in the two provided arrays will be considered a single key, and
permuted accordingly. In the end, either x[ i ] < x[ i + 1 ]
or x[ i ]
== x[ i + 1 ]
and y[ i ] ≤ y[ i + 1 ]
.
This implementation uses a ForkJoinPool
executor service with
Runtime.availableProcessors()
parallel threads.
x
- the first array to be sorted.y
- the second array to be sorted.public static void mergeSort(int[] a, int from, int to, int[] supp)
This sort is guaranteed to be stable: equal elements will not be reordered as a result of the sort. Moreover, no support arrays will be allocated.
a
- the array to be sorted.from
- the index of the first element (inclusive) to be sorted.to
- the index of the last element (exclusive) to be sorted.supp
- a support array containing at least to
elements, and whose entries are identical to those
of a
in the specified range.public static void mergeSort(int[] a, int from, int to)
This sort is guaranteed to be stable: equal elements will not be reordered as a result
of the sort. An array as large as a
will be allocated by this method.
a
- the array to be sorted.from
- the index of the first element (inclusive) to be sorted.to
- the index of the last element (exclusive) to be sorted.public static void mergeSort(int[] a)
This sort is guaranteed to be stable: equal elements will not be reordered as a result
of the sort. An array as large as a
will be allocated by this method.
a
- the array to be sorted.public static void mergeSort(int[] a, int from, int to, IntComparator comp, int[] supp)
This sort is guaranteed to be stable: equal elements will not be reordered as a result of the sort. Moreover, no support arrays will be allocated.
a
- the array to be sorted.from
- the index of the first element (inclusive) to be sorted.to
- the index of the last element (exclusive) to be sorted.comp
- the comparator to determine the sorting order.supp
- a support array containing at least to
elements, and whose entries are identical to those
of a
in the specified range.public static void mergeSort(int[] a, int from, int to, IntComparator comp)
This sort is guaranteed to be stable: equal elements will not be reordered as a result
of the sort. An array as large as a
will be allocated by this method.
a
- the array to be sorted.from
- the index of the first element (inclusive) to be sorted.to
- the index of the last element (exclusive) to be sorted.comp
- the comparator to determine the sorting order.public static void mergeSort(int[] a, IntComparator comp)
This sort is guaranteed to be stable: equal elements will not be reordered as a result
of the sort. An array as large as a
will be allocated by this method.
a
- the array to be sorted.comp
- the comparator to determine the sorting order.public static int binarySearch(int[] a, int from, int to, int key)
a
- the array to be searched.from
- the index of the first element (inclusive) to be searched.to
- the index of the last element (exclusive) to be searched.key
- the value to be searched for.(-(insertion point) - 1)
. The insertion
point is defined as the the point at which the value would
be inserted into the array: the index of the first
element greater than the key, or the length of the array, if all
elements in the array are less than the specified key. Note
that this guarantees that the return value will be ≥ 0 if
and only if the key is found.Arrays
public static int binarySearch(int[] a, int key)
a
- the array to be searched.key
- the value to be searched for.(-(insertion point) - 1)
. The insertion
point is defined as the the point at which the value would
be inserted into the array: the index of the first
element greater than the key, or the length of the array, if all
elements in the array are less than the specified key. Note
that this guarantees that the return value will be ≥ 0 if
and only if the key is found.Arrays
public static int binarySearch(int[] a, int from, int to, int key, IntComparator c)
a
- the array to be searched.from
- the index of the first element (inclusive) to be searched.to
- the index of the last element (exclusive) to be searched.key
- the value to be searched for.c
- a comparator.(-(insertion point) - 1)
. The insertion
point is defined as the the point at which the value would
be inserted into the array: the index of the first
element greater than the key, or the length of the array, if all
elements in the array are less than the specified key. Note
that this guarantees that the return value will be ≥ 0 if
and only if the key is found.Arrays
public static int binarySearch(int[] a, int key, IntComparator c)
a
- the array to be searched.key
- the value to be searched for.c
- a comparator.(-(insertion point) - 1)
. The insertion
point is defined as the the point at which the value would
be inserted into the array: the index of the first
element greater than the key, or the length of the array, if all
elements in the array are less than the specified key. Note
that this guarantees that the return value will be ≥ 0 if
and only if the key is found.Arrays
public static void radixSort(int[] a)
The sorting algorithm is a tuned radix sort adapted from Peter M. McIlroy, Keith Bostic and M. Douglas McIlroy, “Engineering radix sort”, Computing Systems, 6(1), pages 5−27 (1993).
This implementation is significantly faster than quicksort already at small sizes (say, more than 10000 elements), but it can only sort in ascending order.
a
- the array to be sorted.public static void radixSort(int[] a, int from, int to)
The sorting algorithm is a tuned radix sort adapted from Peter M. McIlroy, Keith Bostic and M. Douglas McIlroy, “Engineering radix sort”, Computing Systems, 6(1), pages 5−27 (1993).
This implementation is significantly faster than quicksort already at small sizes (say, more than 10000 elements), but it can only sort in ascending order.
a
- the array to be sorted.from
- the index of the first element (inclusive) to be sorted.to
- the index of the last element (exclusive) to be sorted.public static void parallelRadixSort(int[] a, int from, int to)
The sorting algorithm is a tuned radix sort adapted from Peter M. McIlroy, Keith Bostic and M. Douglas McIlroy, “Engineering radix sort”, Computing Systems, 6(1), pages 5−27 (1993).
This implementation uses a pool of Runtime.availableProcessors()
threads.
a
- the array to be sorted.from
- the index of the first element (inclusive) to be sorted.to
- the index of the last element (exclusive) to be sorted.public static void parallelRadixSort(int[] a)
The sorting algorithm is a tuned radix sort adapted from Peter M. McIlroy, Keith Bostic and M. Douglas McIlroy, “Engineering radix sort”, Computing Systems, 6(1), pages 5−27 (1993).
This implementation uses a pool of Runtime.availableProcessors()
threads.
a
- the array to be sorted.public static void radixSortIndirect(int[] perm, int[] a, boolean stable)
The sorting algorithm is a tuned radix sort adapted from Peter M. McIlroy, Keith Bostic and M. Douglas McIlroy, “Engineering radix sort”, Computing Systems, 6(1), pages 5−27 (1993).
This method implement an indirect sort. The elements of perm
(which must
be exactly the numbers in the interval [0..perm.length)
) will be permuted so that
a[ perm[ i ] ] ≤ a[ perm[ i + 1 ] ]
.
This implementation will allocate, in the stable case, a support array as large as perm
(note that the stable
version is slightly faster).
perm
- a permutation array indexing a
.a
- the array to be sorted.stable
- whether the sorting algorithm should be stable.public static void radixSortIndirect(int[] perm, int[] a, int from, int to, boolean stable)
The sorting algorithm is a tuned radix sort adapted from Peter M. McIlroy, Keith Bostic and M. Douglas McIlroy, “Engineering radix sort”, Computing Systems, 6(1), pages 5−27 (1993).
This method implement an indirect sort. The elements of perm
(which must
be exactly the numbers in the interval [0..perm.length)
) will be permuted so that
a[ perm[ i ] ] ≤ a[ perm[ i + 1 ] ]
.
This implementation will allocate, in the stable case, a support array as large as perm
(note that the stable
version is slightly faster).
perm
- a permutation array indexing a
.a
- the array to be sorted.from
- the index of the first element of perm
(inclusive) to be permuted.to
- the index of the last element of perm
(exclusive) to be permuted.stable
- whether the sorting algorithm should be stable.public static void parallelRadixSortIndirect(int[] perm, int[] a, int from, int to, boolean stable)
The sorting algorithm is a tuned radix sort adapted from Peter M. McIlroy, Keith Bostic and M. Douglas McIlroy, “Engineering radix sort”, Computing Systems, 6(1), pages 5−27 (1993).
This method implement an indirect sort. The elements of perm
(which must
be exactly the numbers in the interval [0..perm.length)
) will be permuted so that
a[ perm[ i ] ] ≤ a[ perm[ i + 1 ] ]
.
This implementation uses a pool of Runtime.availableProcessors()
threads.
perm
- a permutation array indexing a
.a
- the array to be sorted.from
- the index of the first element (inclusive) to be sorted.to
- the index of the last element (exclusive) to be sorted.stable
- whether the sorting algorithm should be stable.public static void parallelRadixSortIndirect(int[] perm, int[] a, boolean stable)
The sorting algorithm is a tuned radix sort adapted from Peter M. McIlroy, Keith Bostic and M. Douglas McIlroy, “Engineering radix sort”, Computing Systems, 6(1), pages 5−27 (1993).
This method implement an indirect sort. The elements of perm
(which must
be exactly the numbers in the interval [0..perm.length)
) will be permuted so that
a[ perm[ i ] ] ≤ a[ perm[ i + 1 ] ]
.
This implementation uses a pool of Runtime.availableProcessors()
threads.
perm
- a permutation array indexing a
.a
- the array to be sorted.stable
- whether the sorting algorithm should be stable.public static void radixSort(int[] a, int[] b)
The sorting algorithm is a tuned radix sort adapted from Peter M. McIlroy, Keith Bostic and M. Douglas McIlroy, “Engineering radix sort”, Computing Systems, 6(1), pages 5−27 (1993).
This method implements a lexicographical sorting of the arguments. Pairs of elements
in the same position in the two provided arrays will be considered a single key, and permuted
accordingly. In the end, either a[ i ] < a[ i + 1 ]
or a[ i ] == a[ i + 1 ]
and b[ i ] ≤ b[ i + 1 ]
.
a
- the first array to be sorted.b
- the second array to be sorted.public static void radixSort(int[] a, int[] b, int from, int to)
The sorting algorithm is a tuned radix sort adapted from Peter M. McIlroy, Keith Bostic and M. Douglas McIlroy, “Engineering radix sort”, Computing Systems, 6(1), pages 5−27 (1993).
This method implements a lexicographical sorting of the arguments. Pairs of elements
in the same position in the two provided arrays will be considered a single key, and permuted
accordingly. In the end, either a[ i ] < a[ i + 1 ]
or a[ i ] == a[ i + 1 ]
and b[ i ] ≤ b[ i + 1 ]
.
a
- the first array to be sorted.b
- the second array to be sorted.from
- the index of the first element (inclusive) to be sorted.to
- the index of the last element (exclusive) to be sorted.public static void parallelRadixSort(int[] a, int[] b, int from, int to)
The sorting algorithm is a tuned radix sort adapted from Peter M. McIlroy, Keith Bostic and M. Douglas McIlroy, “Engineering radix sort”, Computing Systems, 6(1), pages 5−27 (1993).
This method implements a lexicographical sorting of the arguments. Pairs of elements
in the same position in the two provided arrays will be considered a single key, and permuted
accordingly. In the end, either a[ i ] < a[ i + 1 ]
or a[ i ] == a[ i + 1 ]
and b[ i ] ≤ b[ i + 1 ]
.
This implementation uses a pool of Runtime.availableProcessors()
threads.
a
- the first array to be sorted.b
- the second array to be sorted.from
- the index of the first element (inclusive) to be sorted.to
- the index of the last element (exclusive) to be sorted.public static void parallelRadixSort(int[] a, int[] b)
The sorting algorithm is a tuned radix sort adapted from Peter M. McIlroy, Keith Bostic and M. Douglas McIlroy, “Engineering radix sort”, Computing Systems, 6(1), pages 5−27 (1993).
This method implements a lexicographical sorting of the arguments. Pairs of elements
in the same position in the two provided arrays will be considered a single key, and permuted
accordingly. In the end, either a[ i ] < a[ i + 1 ]
or a[ i ] == a[ i + 1 ]
and b[ i ] ≤ b[ i + 1 ]
.
This implementation uses a pool of Runtime.availableProcessors()
threads.
a
- the first array to be sorted.b
- the second array to be sorted.public static void radixSortIndirect(int[] perm, int[] a, int[] b, boolean stable)
The sorting algorithm is a tuned radix sort adapted from Peter M. McIlroy, Keith Bostic and M. Douglas McIlroy, “Engineering radix sort”, Computing Systems, 6(1), pages 5−27 (1993).
This method implement an indirect sort. The elements of perm
(which must
be exactly the numbers in the interval [0..perm.length)
) will be permuted so that
a[ perm[ i ] ] ≤ a[ perm[ i + 1 ] ]
.
This implementation will allocate, in the stable case, a further support array as large as perm
(note that the stable
version is slightly faster).
perm
- a permutation array indexing a
.a
- the array to be sorted.b
- the second array to be sorted.stable
- whether the sorting algorithm should be stable.public static void radixSortIndirect(int[] perm, int[] a, int[] b, int from, int to, boolean stable)
The sorting algorithm is a tuned radix sort adapted from Peter M. McIlroy, Keith Bostic and M. Douglas McIlroy, “Engineering radix sort”, Computing Systems, 6(1), pages 5−27 (1993).
This method implement an indirect sort. The elements of perm
(which must
be exactly the numbers in the interval [0..perm.length)
) will be permuted so that
a[ perm[ i ] ] ≤ a[ perm[ i + 1 ] ]
.
This implementation will allocate, in the stable case, a further support array as large as perm
(note that the stable
version is slightly faster).
perm
- a permutation array indexing a
.a
- the array to be sorted.b
- the second array to be sorted.from
- the index of the first element of perm
(inclusive) to be permuted.to
- the index of the last element of perm
(exclusive) to be permuted.stable
- whether the sorting algorithm should be stable.public static void radixSort(int[][] a)
The sorting algorithm is a tuned radix sort adapted from Peter M. McIlroy, Keith Bostic and M. Douglas McIlroy, “Engineering radix sort”, Computing Systems, 6(1), pages 5−27 (1993).
This method implements a lexicographical sorting of the provided arrays. Tuples of elements in the same position will be considered a single key, and permuted accordingly.
a
- an array containing arrays of equal length to be sorted lexicographically in parallel.public static void radixSort(int[][] a, int from, int to)
The sorting algorithm is a tuned radix sort adapted from Peter M. McIlroy, Keith Bostic and M. Douglas McIlroy, “Engineering radix sort”, Computing Systems, 6(1), pages 5−27 (1993).
This method implements a lexicographical sorting of the provided arrays. Tuples of elements in the same position will be considered a single key, and permuted accordingly.
a
- an array containing arrays of equal length to be sorted lexicographically in parallel.from
- the index of the first element (inclusive) to be sorted.to
- the index of the last element (exclusive) to be sorted.public static int[] shuffle(int[] a, int from, int to, Random random)
a
- the array to be shuffled.from
- the index of the first element (inclusive) to be shuffled.to
- the index of the last element (exclusive) to be shuffled.random
- a pseudorandom number generator (please use a XorShift* generator).a
.public static int[] shuffle(int[] a, Random random)
a
- the array to be shuffled.random
- a pseudorandom number generator (please use a XorShift* generator).a
.public static int[] reverse(int[] a)
a
- the array to be reversed.a
.public static int[] reverse(int[] a, int from, int to)
a
- the array to be reversed.from
- the index of the first element (inclusive) to be reversed.to
- the index of the last element (exclusive) to be reversed.a
.